JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
MATHEMATICS – III
UNIT – I
Special functions: Gamma and Beta Functions – Their properties – evaluation of improper integrals. Bessel functions – properties – Recurrence relations – Orthogonality. Legendre polynomials – Properties – Rodrigue’s formula – Recurrence relations – Orthogonality.
UNIT-II
Functions of a complex variable – Continuity – Differentiability – Analyticity – Properties – Cauchy-Riemann equations in Cartesian and polar coordinates. Harmonic and conjugate harmonic functions – Milne – Thompson method.
UNIT-III
Elementary functions: Exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic functions and their properties – General power Z 
(c is complex), principal value.
(c is complex), principal value.UNIT-IV
Complex integration: Line integral – evaluation along a path and by indefinite integration – Cauchy’s integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Generalized integral formula.
UNIT-V
Complex power series: Radius of convergence – Expansion in Taylor
UNIT-VI
Residue – Evaluation of residue by formula and by Laurent series - Residue theorem.
Evaluation of integrals of the type
(a) Improper real integrals 
(b) 
(b) (c) 
(d) Integrals by identation.
(d) Integrals by identation.UNIT-VII
Argument principle – Rouche’s theorem – determination of number of zeros of complex polynomials - Maximum Modulus principle - Fundamental theorem of Algebra, Liouville’s Theorem.
UNIT-VIII
Conformal mapping: Transformation by 
, lnz, z2, z 
(n positive integer), Sin z, cos z, z + a/z. Translation, rotation, inversion and bilinear transformation – fixed point – cross ratio – properties – invariance of circles and cross ratio – determination of bilinear transformation mapping 3 given points .
, lnz, z2, z(n positive integer), Sin z, cos z, z + a/z. Translation, rotation, inversion and bilinear transformation – fixed point – cross ratio – properties – invariance of circles and cross ratio – determination of bilinear transformation mapping 3 given points .Text Books:
1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-III T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others, S. Chand & Company.
2. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, C. Sankaraiah, V. G. S. Book Links.
3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Shahnaz Bathul, Prentice Hall of India.
4. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, P. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Narasimhulu & N. Prabhakar Rao, Deepthi Publications.
References:
1. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, B. V. Raman, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
2. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Irvin Kreyszig, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
3. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Thamson Book Collection.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
PROBABILITY THEORY AND STOCHASTIC PROCESSES
UNIT I
PROBABILITY : Probability introduced through Sets and Relative Frequency: Experiments and Sample Spaces, Discrete and Continuous Sample Spaces, Events, Probability Definitions and Axioms, Mathematical Model of Experiments, Probability as a Relative Frequency, Joint Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability, Bayes’ Theorem, Independent Events:
UNIT II
THE RANDOM VARIABLE : Definition of a Random Variable, Conditions for a Function to be a Random Variable, Discrete and Continuous, Mixed Random Variable, Distribution and Density functions, Properties, Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Gaussian, Exponential, Rayleigh, Conditional Distribution, Methods of defining Conditioning Event, Conditional Density, Properties.
UNIT III
OPERATION ON ONE RANDOM VARIABLE – EXPECTATIONS : Introduction, Expected Value of a Random Variable, Function of a Random Variable, Moments about the Origin, Central Moments, Variance and Skew, Chebychev’s Inequality, Characteristic Function, Moment Generating Function, Transformations of a Random Variable: Monotonic Transformations for a Continuous Random Variable, Nonmonotonic Transformations of Continuous Random Variable, Transformation of a Discrete Random Variable.
UNIT IV
MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES : Vector Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Properties of Joint Distribution, Marginal Distribution Functions, Conditional Distribution and Density – Point Conditioning, Conditional Distribution and Density – Interval conditioning, Statistical Independence, Sum of Two Random Variables, Sum of Several Random Variables, Central Limit Theorem, (Proof not expected). Unequal Distribution, Equal Distributions.
UNIT V
OPERATIONS ON MULTIPLE RANDOM VARIABLES : Expected Value of a Function of Random Variables: Joint Moments about the Origin, Joint Central Moments, Joint Characteristic Functions, Jointly Gaussian Random Variables: Two Random Variables case, N Random Variable case, Properties, Transformations of Multiple Random Variables, Linear Transformations of Gaussian Random Variables.
UNIT VI
RANDOM PROCESSES – TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS : The Random Process Concept, Classification of Processes, Deterministic and Nondeterministic Processes, Distribution and Density Functions, concept of Stationarity and Statistical Independence. First-Order Stationary Processes, Second- Order and Wide-Sense Stationarity, (N-Order) and Strict-Sense Stationarity, Time Averages and Ergodicity, Mean-Ergodic Processes, Correlation-Ergodic Processes, Autocorrelation Function and Its Properties, Cross-Correlation Function and Its Properties, Covariance Functions, Gaussian Random Processes, Poisson Random Process.
UNIT VII
RANDOM PROCESSES – SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS : The Power Spectrum: Properties, Relationship between Power Spectrum and Autocorrelation Function, The Cross-Power Density Spectrum, Properties, Relationship between Cross-Power Spectrum and Cross-Correlation Function.
UNIT VIII
LINEAR SYSTEMS WITH RANDOM INPUTS : Random Signal Response of Linear Systems: System Response – Convolution, Mean and Mean-squared Value of System Response, autocorrelation Function of Response, Cross-Correlation Functions of Input and Output, Spectral Characteristics of System Response: Power Density Spectrum of Response, Cross-Power Density Spectrums of Input and Output, Band pass, Band-Limited and Narrowband Processes, Properties, Modeling of Noise Sources: Resistive (Thermal) Noise Source, Arbitrary Noise Sources, Effective Noise Temperature, Average Noise Figures, Average Noise Figure of cascaded networks.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Probability, Random Variables & Random Signal Principles - Peyton Z. Peebles, TMH, 4th Edition, 2001.
2. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes – Athanasios Papoulis and S. Unnikrishna Pillai, PHI, 4th Edition, 2002.
REFERENCES :
1. Communication Systems Analog & Digital – R.P. Singh and S.D. Sapre, TMH, 1995.
2. Probability and Random Processes with Application to Signal Processing – Henry Stark and John W. Woods, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition.
3. Probability Methods of Signal and System Analysis. George R. Cooper, Clave D. MC Gillem,
4. Statistical Theory of Communication - S.P. Eugene Xavier, New Age Publications, 2003.
5. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, B.S. Publications, 2003.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
UNIT - I
Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and Importance – Need for Public Awareness.
UNIT - II
Natural Resources : Renewable and non-renewable resources – Natural resources and associated problems – Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation, case studies – Timber extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people – Water resources – Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems - Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. - Food res ources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. – Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
UNIT - III
Ecosystems : Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of an ecosystem. - Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow in the ecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem:
a. Forest ecosystem
b. Grassland ecosystem
c. Desert ecosystem
d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
UNIT - IV
Biodiversity and its conservation : Introduction - Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Bio-geographical classification of India India India
UNIT - V
Environmental Pollution : Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of :
a. Air pollution
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards
Solid waste Management : Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. – Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. - Pollution case studies. - Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNIT - VI
Social Issues and the Environment : From Unsustainable to Sustainable development -Urban problems related to energy -Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management -Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies -Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. -Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies. -Wasteland reclamation. -Consumerism and waste products. –Environment Protection Act. -Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. -Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act -Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. -Public awareness.
UNIT - VII
Human Population and the Environment : Population growth, variation among nations. Population explosion - Family Welfare Programme. -Environment and human health. -Human Rights. -Value Education. -HIV/AIDS. -Women and Child Welfare. -Role of information Technology in Environment and human health. -Case Studies.
UNIT - VIII
Field work : Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River /forest grassland/hill/mountain -Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/industrial/ Agricultural Study of common plants, insects, birds. - Study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
TEXT BOOK:
1 Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses by Erach Bharucha for University Grants Commission.
2 Environmental Studies by R. Rajagopalan, Oxford University
REFERENCE:
1 Textbook of Environmental Sciences and Technology by M. Anji Reddy, BS Publication.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
UNIT I
SIGNAL ANALYSIS : Analogy between vectors and signals, Orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, Closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions, Exponential and sinusoidal signals, Concepts of Impulse function, Unit step function, Signum function.
UNIT II
FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF PERIODIC SIGNALS : Representation of Fourier series, Continuous time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum
UNIT III
FOURIER TRANSFORMS : Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum function. Introduction to Hilbert Transform.
UNIT IV
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION THROUGH LINEAR SYSTEMS : Linear system, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Transfer function of a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, system bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise time.
UNIT V
CONVOLUTION AND CORRELATION OF SIGNALS : Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Convolution property of Fourier transforms. Cross correlation and auto correlation of functions, properties of correlation function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and energy/power spectral density function.Relation between convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by correlation, Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.
UNIT VI
SAMPLING : Sampling theorem – Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass
UNIT VII
LAPLACE TRANSFORMS :Review of Laplace transforms, Partial fraction expansion, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Properties of L.T’s relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal. Laplace transform of certain signals using waveform synthesis.
UNIT VIII
Z–TRANSFORMS : Fundamental difference between continuous and discrete time signals, discrete time signal representation using complex exponential and sinusoidal components, Periodicity of discrete time usingcomplex exponential signal, Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Distinction between Laplace, Fourier and Z transforms. Region of convergence in Z-Transform, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform, properties of Z-transforms.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Signals, Systems & Communications - B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.
2. Signals and Systems - A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.
REFERENCES :
1. Signals & Systems - Simon Haykin and Van Veen,Wiley, 2nd Edition.
2. Network Analysis - M.E. Van Valkenburg, PHI Publications, 3rd Edn., 2000.
3. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008.
4. Signals, Systems and Transforms - C. L. Philips, J.M.Parr and Eve A.Riskin, Pearson education.3rd Edition, 2004.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY
UNIT I
DC MACHINES : Principle of operation of DC Machines- EMF equation – Types of generators – Magnetization and load characteristics of DC generators
UNIT II
D.C. MOTORS : DC Motors – Types of DC Motors – Characteristics of DC motors – 3-point starters for DC shunt motor – Losses and efficiency – Swinburne’s test – Speed control of DC shunt motor – Flux and Armature voltage control methods.
UNIT III
TRANSFORMERS : Principle of operation of single phase transformer – types – Constructional features – Phasor diagram on No Load and Load – Equivalent circuit
UNIT IV
PERFORMANCE OF TRANSFORMERS : Losses and Efficiency of transformer and Regulation – OC and SC tests – Predetermination of efficiency and regulation (Simple Problems).
UNIT V
THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR : Principle of operation of three-phase induction motors –Slip ring and Squirrel cage motors – Slip-Torque characteristics – Efficiency calculation – Starting methods.
UNIT VI
ALTERNATORS : Alternators – Constructional features – Principle of operation – Types - EMF Equation – Distribution and Coil span factors – Predetermination of regulation by Synchronous Impedance Method – OC and SC tests.
UNIT VII
SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS : Principle of operation - Shaded pole motors – Capacitor motors, AC servomotor, AC tachometers, Synchros, Stepper Motors – Characteristics.
UNIT VIII
ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS : Basic Principles of indicating instruments – Moving Coil and Moving iron Instruments (Ammeters and Voltmeters)
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Introduction to Electrical Engineering – M.S Naidu and S. Kamakshaiah , TMH Publ.
2. Basic Electrical Engineering - T.K. Nagasarkar and M.S.Sukhija, Oxford University
REFERENCES :
1. Principles of Electrical Engineering - V.K Mehta, S.Chand Publications.
2. Theory and Problems of basic electrical engineering - I.J. Nagarath amd D.P Kothari, PHI Publications
3. Essentials of Electrical and Computer Engineering - David V. Kerns, JR. J. David Irwin
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS
UNIT I : SINGLE STAGE AMPLIFIERS : Review, Small Signal Analysis of Junction Transistor, Frequency response of Common Emitter Amplifier, Common Base Amplifier, Common Collector Amplifier, JFET Amplifiers, Common Drain (CD) Amplifier, Common Gate Amplifier, Gain Band Width Product.
UNIT II : MULTI STAGE AMPLIFIERS : Multi Stage Amplifiers Methods of Inter Stage Coupling, n – Stage Cascaded Amplifier, Equivalent Circuits, Miller’s Theorem, Frequency Effects, Amplifier Analysis, High Input Resistance Transistor Circuits. Cascode – Transistor Configuration, CE-CC Amplifiers, Two Stage RC Coupled JFET amplifier (in Common Source (CS) configuration), Difference Amplifier.
UNIT III : HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR CIRCUTS : Transistor at High Frequencies, Hybrid-Common Emitter Tranconductance Model, Determination of Hybrid- Conductances, Variation of Hybrid Parameters with |IC|, |VCE| and Temperature. The Parameters ¦t, expression for ¦b, Current Gain with Resistance Load, CE Short Circuit Current Gain, Hybrid– pi) Parameters, Measurement of ¦t, Variation of Hybrid – Parameters with Voltage, Current and Temperature, Design of High frequency Amplifier.
UNIT IV : POWER AMPLIFIERS : Class A Power Amplifier, Maximum Value of Efficiency of Class A Amplifier, Transformer Coupled Amplifier, Transformer Coupled Audio Amplifier, Push Pull Amplifier, Complimentary Symmetry Circuits (Transformer Less Class B Power Amplifier), Phase Inverters, Class D Operation, Class S Operation, Heat Sinks.
UNIT V : TUNED AMPLIFIERS - I : Single Tuned Capacitive Coupled Amplifier, Tapped Single Tuned Capacitance Coupled Amplifier, Single Tuned Transformer Coupled or Inductively Coupled Amplifier, CE Double Tuned Amplifier, Application of Tuned Amplifiers.
UNIT VI : TUNED AMPLIFIERS - II : Stagger Tuning, Stability Considerations, Tuned Class B and Class C Amplifiers, Wideband Amplifiers, Tuned Amplifiers.
UNIT VII : VOLTAGE REGULATORS : Terminology, Basic Regulator Circuit, Short Circuit Protection, Current Limiting, Specifications of Voltage Regulator Circuits, Voltage Multipliers.
UNIT VIII : SWITCHING AND IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS : IC 723 Voltage Regulators and Three Terminal IC regulators, DC to DC Converter, Switching Regulators, Voltage Multipliers, UPS, SMPS.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Integrated Electronics – J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, Mc Graw-Hill, 1972.
2. Electronic Devices and Circuits, Theodore F. Bogart Jr., J.S. Beasley and G. Rico, Pearson Edition, 6th Edition, 2004.
REFERENCES :
1. Electronic Devices and Circuits Theory – Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Pearson/Prentice Hall,9th Edition,2006.
2. Micro Electronic Circuits – Sedra A.S. and K.C. Smith, Oxford University Press, 5th ed.
3. Micro Electronic Circuits: Analysis and Design – M.H. Rashid, Thomson PWS Publ., 1999.
4. Principles of Electronic Circuits – S.G.Burns and P.R.Bond, Galgotia Publications, 2nd Edn.., 1998.
5. Electronic Circuit Analysis and Design – Donald A. Neaman, Mc Graw Hill.
6. Electronic Circuit Analysis – K. Lal Kishore, BS Publications, 2004.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
0 3 2
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LAB
List of Experiments ( Twelve experiments to be done) :
I) Design and Simulation in Simulation Laboratory using Multisim OR Pspice OR Equivalent Simulation Software. (Any Six):
Equipments required for Laborataries:
1. For software simultation of Electronic circuits
i) Computer Systems with latest specifications
ii) Connected in Lan (Optional)
iii) Operating system (Windows XP)
iv) Simulations software (Multisim/TINAPRO) Package
2. For Hardware simulations of Electronic Circuits
i) RPSs
ii) CROs
iii) Functions Generators
iv) Multimeters
v) Components
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. I-Sem T P C
0 3 2
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY LAB
PART – A
1. Serial and Parallel Resonance – Timing, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth and Q-factor determination for RLC network.
2. Time response of first order RC/RL network for periodic non-sinusoidal inputs – time constant and steady state error determination.
3. Two port network parameters – Z-Y Parameters, chain matrix and analytical verification.
4. Verification of Superposition and Reciprocity theorems.
5. Verification of maximum power transfer theorem. Verification on DC, verification on AC with Resistive and Reactive loads.
6. Experimental determination of Thevenin’s and Norton’s equivalent circuits and verification by direct test.
PART – B
1. Magnetization characteristics of D.C. Shunt generator. Determination of critical field resistance.
2. Swinburne’s Test on DC shunt machine (Predetermination of efficiency of a given DC Shunt machine working as motor and generator).
3. Brake test on DC shunt motor. Determination of performance characteristics.
4. OC & SC tests on Single-phase transformer (Predetermination of efficiency and regulation at given power factors and determination of equivalent circuit).
5. Brake test on 3-phase Induction motor (performance characteristics).
6. Regulation of alternator by synchronous impedance method.
Note: Any TEN of the above experiments are to be conducted
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS
UNIT I
LINEAR WAVESHAPING : High pass, low pass RC circuits, their response for sinusoidal, step, pulse, square and ramp inputs. RC network as differentiator and integrator, attenuators, its applications in CRO probe, RL and RLC circuits and their response for step input, Ringing circuit.
UNIT II
NON-LINEAR WAVE SHAPING : Diode clippers, Transistor clippers, clipping at two independent levels, Transfer characteristics of clippers, Emitter coupled clipper, Comparators, applications of voltage comparators, clamping operation, clamping circuits using diode with different inputs, Clamping circuit theorem, practical clamping circuits, effect of diode characteristics on clamping voltage, Transfer characteristics of clampers.
UNIT III
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVICES : Diode as a switch, piecewise linear diode characteristics, Transistor as a switch, Break down voltage consideration of transistor, saturation parameters of Transistor and their variation with temperature, Design of transistor switch, transistor-switching times.
UNIT IV
MULTIVIBRATORS : Analysis and Design of Bistable, Monostable, Astable Multivibrators and Schmitt trigger using transistors.
UNIT V
TIME BASE GENERATORS : General features of a time base signal, methods of generating time base waveform, Miller and Bootstrap time base generators – basic principles, Transistor miller time base generator, Transistor Bootstrap time base generator, Current time base generators.
UNIT VI
SYNCHRONIZATION AND FREQUENCY DIVISION : Principles of Synchronization, Frequency division in sweep circuit, Astable relaxation circuits, Monostable relaxation circuits, Synchronization of a sweep circuit with symmetrical signals, Sine wave frequency division with a sweep circuit.
UNIT VII
SAMPLING GATES : Basic operating principles of sampling gates, Unidirectional and Bi-directional sampling gates, Reduction of pedestal in gate circuits, Applications of sampling gates.
UNIT VIII
REALIZATION OF LOGIC GATES USING DIODES & TRANSISTORS : AND, OR gates using Diodes, Resistor, Transistor Logic, Diode Transistor Logic.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms - J. Millman and H. Taub, McGraw-Hill, 1991.
2. Solid State
REFERENCES :
1. Pulse and Digital Circuits – A. Anand Kumar, PHI, 2005.
2. Wave Generation and Shaping - L. Strauss.
3. Pulse, Digital Circuits and Computer Fundamentals - R.Venkataraman.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
CONTROL SYSTEMS
Objective :
In this course it is aimed to introduce to the students the principles and applications of control systems in every day life. The basic concepts of block diagram reduction, time domain analysis solutions to time invariant systems and also deals with the different aspects of stability analysis of systems in frequency domain and time domain.
UNIT – I INTRODUCTION
Concepts of Control Systems- Open Loop and closed loop control systems and their differences- Different examples of control systems- Classification of control systems, Feed-Back Characteristics, Effects of feedback.
Mathematical models – Differential equations, Impulse Response and transfer functions - Translational and Rotational mechanical systems
UNIT II TRANSFER FUNCTION REPRESENTATION
Transfer Function of DC Servo motor - AC Servo motor- Synchro transmitter and Receiver, Block diagram representation of systems considering electrical systems as examples -Block diagram algebra – Representation by Signal flow graph - Reduction using mason’s gain formula.
UNIT-III TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Standard test signals - Time response of first order systems – Characteristic Equation of Feedback control systems, Transient response of second order systems - Time domain specifications – Steady state response - Steady state errors and error constants – Effects of proportional derivative, proportional integral systems.
UNIT – IV STABILITY ANALYSIS IN S-DOMAIN
The concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion – qualitative stability and conditional stability – limitations of Routh’s stability
Root Locus Technique:
The root locus concept - construction of root loci-effects of adding poles and zeros to G(s)H(s) on the root loci.
UNIT – V FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS
Introduction, Frequency domain specifications-Bode diagrams-Determination of Frequency domain specifications and transfer function from the Bode Diagram-Phase margin and Gain margin-Stability Analysis from Bode Plots.
UNIT – VI STABILITY ANALYSIS IN FREQUENCY DOMAIN
Polar Plots, Nyquist Plots Stability Analysis.
UNIT – VII CLASSICAL CONTROL DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Compensation techniques – Lag, Lead, Lead-Lag Controllers design in frequency Domain, PID Controllers.
UNIT – VIII State Space Analysis of Continuous Systems
Concepts of state, state variables and state model, derivation of state models from block diagrams, Diagonalization- Solving the Time invariant state Equations- State Transition Matrix and it’s Properties – Concepts of Controllability and Observability
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Automatic Control Systems 8th edition– by B. C. Kuo 2003– John wiley and son’s.,
2. Control Systems Engineering – by I. J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, New Age International
(P) Limited, Publishers, 2nd edition.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Modern Control Engineering – by Katsuhiko Ogata – Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 3rd edition, 1998.
2. Control Systems by N.K.Sinha, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers, 3rd Edition, 1998.
3. Control Systems Engg. by NISE 3rd Edition – John wiley
4. “ Modelling & Control Of Dynamic Systems” by Narciso F. Macia George J. Thaler, Thomson Publishers.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
UNIT-I
Introduction : Creation of Java, importance of Java to internet, byte code, Java buzzwords, OOP Principles, Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism, data types, variables, declaring variables, dynamic initialization, scope and life time of variables, arrays, operators, control statements, type conversion and casting, compiling and running of simple Java program.
UNIT-II
Classes and Objects : Concepts of classes and objects, class fundamentals Declaring objects, assigning object reference variables, introducing methods,constructors, usage of static with data and methods, usage of final with data, access control, this key word, garbage collection, overloading methods and constructors, parameter passing – call by value, recursion,nested classes and inner classes, exploring the String class.
UNIT-III
Inheritance : Basic concepts, member access rules, usage of super key word, forms of inheritance, method overriding, abstract classes, dynamic method dispatch, using final with inheritance, the Object class.
UNIT-IV
Packages and Interfaces : Defining, Creating and Accessing a Package, Understanding CLASSPATH, importing packages, differences between classes and interfaces, defining an interface, implementing interface, applying interfaces, variables in interface and extending interfaces.
UNIT-V
Exception Handling and Multithreading : Concepts of Exception handling, types of exceptions, usage of try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords, Built-in exceptions, creating own exception sub classes, Concepts of Multithreading, differences between process and thread, thread life cycle,creating multiple threads using Thread class, Runnable interface, Synchronization, thread priorities, inter thread communication, daemon threads,deadlocks, thread groups.
UNIT-VI
Event Handling : Events, Event sources, Event classes, Event Listeners, Delegation event model, handling mouse and keyboard events, Adapter classes.
AWT : Concepts of components, container, panel, window, frame, canvas, Font class, Color class and Graphics.
UNIT-VII
AWT Controls : Buttons, Labels, Text fields, Text area, Check boxes, Check box groups, Lists, Choice, Scrollbars, Menus, Layout Managers – Flow, Border,Grid, Card and Gridbag.
Swing – JApplet, JFrame and JComponent, Icons and Labels, Handling threading issues, text fields, buttons – The JButton class, Check boxes, Radio buttons, Combo boxes, Tabbed Panes, Scroll Panes, Trees, and Tables. Applets – Concepts of Applets, differences between applets and applications,life cycle of an applet, types of applets, creating applets, passing parameters to applets.
UNIT-VIII
Networking and Java Library : Basics of Networking, Inetaddress, TCP/IP sockets, Datagrams, URL, URL connection, String handling, java.util, java.io and java.net packages.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. The Complete Reference Java J2SE 5th Edition, Herbert Schildt, TMH Publishing Company Ltd, NewDelhi.
2. Big Java 2nd Edition, Cay Horstmann, John Wiley and Sons.
REFERENCES :
1. Java How to Program, Sixth Edition, H.M.Dietel and P.J.Dietel, Pearson Education/PHI
2. Core Java 2, Vol 1, Fundamentals, Cay.S.Horstmann and Gary Cornell, Seventh Edition, Pearson Education.
3. Core Java 2, Vol 2, Advanced Features, Cay.S.Horstmann and Gary Cornell, Seventh Edition, Pearson Education.
4. Beginning in Java 2, Iver Horton, Wrox Publications.
5. Java, Somasundaram, Jaico.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
SWITCHING THEORY AND LOGIC DESIGN
UNIT I
NUMBER SYSTEMS & CODES : Philosophy of number systems – complement representation of negative numbers-binary arithmetic-binary codes-error detecting & error correcting codes –hamming codes.
UNIT II
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND SWITCHING FUNCTIONS : Fundamental postulates of Boolean Algebra - Basic theorems and properties - switching functions–Canonical and Standard forms-Algebraic simplification digital logic gates, properties of XOR gates –universal gates-Multilevel NAND/NOR realizations.
UNIT III
MINIMIZATION OF SWITCHING FUNCTIONS : Map method, Prime implicants, Don’t care combinations, Minimal SOP and POS forms, Tabular Method, Prime –Implicant chart, simplification rules.
UNIT IV
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC DESIGN
Design using conventional logic gates, Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer, Modular design using IC chips, MUX Realization of switching functions Parity bit generator, Code-converters, Hazards and hazard free realizations.
UNIT V
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES, THRESHOLD LOGIC : Basic PLD’s-ROM, PROM, PLA, PLD Realization of Switching functions using PLD’s. Capabilities and limitations of Threshold gate, Synthesis of Threshold functions, Multigate Synthesis.
UNIT VI
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS - I : Classification of sequential circuits (Synchronous, Asynchronous, Pulse mode, Level mode with examples) Basic flip-flops-Triggering and excitation tables. Steps in synchronous sequential circuit design. Design of modulo-N Ring & Shift counters, Serial binary adder,sequence detector.
UNIT VII
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS - II : Finite state machine-capabilities and limitations, Mealy and Moore
UNIT VIII
ALGOROTHIMIC STATE MACHINES : Salient features of the ASM chart-Simple examples-System design using data path and control subsystems-control implementations-examples of Weighing machine and Binary multiplier.
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Switching & Finite Automata theory – Zvi Kohavi, TMH,2nd Edition.
2. Digital Design – Morris Mano, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2006.
REFERENCES :
1. An Engineering Approach To Digital Design – Fletcher, PHI. Digital Logic – Application and Design – John M. Yarbrough, Thomson.
2. Fundamentals of Logic Design – Charles H. Roth, Thomson Publications, 5th Edition, 2004.
3. Digital Logic Applications and Design – John M. Yarbrough, Thomson Publications, 2006.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
EM WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES
Review of Coordinate Systems, Vector Calculus :
UNIT I
ELECTROSTATICS: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity – Fields due to Different Charge Distributions, Electric Flux Density, Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Relations Between E and V, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Related Problems. Convection and Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Isotropic and Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation, Relaxation Time, Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations; Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial, Spherical Capacitors, Related Problems.
UNIT II
Magneto Statics : Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due to Magnetic Fields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic Energy. Related Problems.
UNIT III
Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday’s Law and Transformer emf, Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms and Word Statements. Conditions at a Boundary Surface : Dielectric-Dielectric and Dielectric-Conductor Interfaces. Related Problems .
UNIT IV
EM Wave Characteristics - I: Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, Uniform Plane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E & H. Sinusoidal Variations. Wave Propagtion in Lossless and Conducting Media. Conductors & Dielectrics – Characterization, Wave Propagation in Good Conductors and Good Dielectrics. Polarization. Related Problems.
UNIT V
EM Wave Characteristics – II: Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and Oblique Incidences, for both Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total Internal Reflection, Surface Impedance. Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem – Applications, Power Loss in a Plane Conductor. Related Problems.
UNIT V
Guided Waves : Parallel Plane Waveguides: Introduction, TE, TM, TEM Modes - Concepts and Analysis, Cut-off Frequencies, Velocities, Wavelengths, Wave Impedances. Attenuations Factor – Expression for TEM Case. Related Problems.
UNIT VII
Transmission Lines - I : Types, Parameters, Transmission Line Equations, Primary & Secondary Constants, Expressions for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation Constant, Phase and Group Velocities, Infinite Line Concepts, Losslessness/Low Loss Characterization, Distortion – Condition for Distortionlessness and Minimum Attenuation, Loading - Types of Loading. Related Problems.
UNIT VIII
Transmission Lines – II : Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR. UHF Lines as Circuit Elements; /4, /2, /8 Lines – Impedance Transformations. Smith Chart – Configuration and Applications, Single and Double Stub Matching. Related Problems.
TEXT BOOKS :
1. Elements of Electromagnetic – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Univ.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.
REFERENCES :
1. Engineering Electromagnetics – Nathan Ida, Springer (India ) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
2. Engineering Electromagnetics – William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, TMH, 7th ed., 2006.
3. Networks, Lines and Fields – John D. Ryder, PHI, 2nd ed.,1999.
4. Transmission Lines and Networks – Umesh Sinha, Satya Prakashan (Tech. India Publications), New Delhi
5.. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines – G.S.N. Raju, Pearson Edn. Pte. Ltd., 2005.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
4+1* 0 4
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION : Introduction to communication system, Need for modulation, Frequency Division Multiplexing , Amplitude Modulation, Definition, Time domain and frequency domain description, single tone modulation, power relations in AM waves, Generation of AM waves, square law Modulator, Switching modulator, Detection of AM Waves; Square law detector, Envelope detector.
UNIT II
DSB MODULATION : Double side band suppressed carrier modulators, time domain and frequency domain description, Generation of DSBSC Waves, Balanced Modulators, Ring Modulator, Coherent detection of DSB-SC Modulated waves, COSTAS Loop.
UNIT III
SSB MODULATION : Frequency domain description, Frequency discrimination method for generation of AM SSB Modulated Wave, Time domain description, Phase discrimination method for generating AM SSB Modulated waves. Demodulation of SSB Waves, Vestigial side band modulation: Frequency description, Generation of VSB Modulated wave, Time domain description, Envelope detection of a VSB Wave pulse Carrier, Comparison of AM Techniques, Applications of different AM Systems.
UNIT IV
ANGLE MODULATION : Basic concepts, Frequency Modulation: Single tone frequency modulation, Spectrum Analysis of Sinusoidal FM Wave, Narrow band FM, Wide band FM, Constant Average Power, Transmission bandwidth of FM Wave - Generation of FM Waves, Direct FM, Detection of FM Waves: Balanced Frequency discriminator, Zero crossing detector, Phase locked loop, Comparison of FM & AM.
UNIT V
NOISE : Noise in Analog communication System, Noise in DSB& SSB System Noise in AM System, Noise in Angle Modulation System, Threshold effect in Angle Modulation System, Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis
UNIT VI
TRANSMITTERS : Radio Transmitter - Classification of Transmitter, AM Transmitter, Effect of feed back on performance of AM Transmitter, FM Transmitter – Variable reactance type and phase modulated FM Transmitter, frequency stability in FM Transmitter.
UNIT VII
RECEIVERS : Radio Receiver - Receiver Types - Tuned radio frequency receiver, Superhetrodyne receiver, RF section and Characteristics - Frequency changing and tracking, Intermediate frequency, AGC, FM Receiver, Comparison with AM Receiver, Amplitude limiting.
UNIT VIII
PULSE MODULATION : Time Divison Multiplexing, Types of Pulse modulation, PAM (Single polarity, double polarity) PWM: Generation & demodulation of PWM, PPM, Generation and demodulation of PPM
TEXTBOOKS :
1. Principles of Communication Systems – H Taub & D. Schilling, Gautam Sahe, TMH, 2007 3rd Edition.
2. Communication Systems – B.P. Lathi, BS Publication, 2006.
REFERENCES :
1. Principles of Communication Systems - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2nd Ed.,.
2. Electronics & Communication System – George Kennedy and Bernard Davis, TMH 2004.
3. Communication Systems Second Edition – R.P. Singh, SP Sapre, TMH, 2007.
4. Fundamentals of Communication Systems - John G. Proakis, Masond, Salehi PEA, 2006.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
0 3 2
ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LAB
Minimum 12 experiments should be conducted :
1. Amplitude modulation and demodulation.
2. Diode detector characteristics.
3. Frequency modulation and demodulation.
4. Balanced modulator.
5. Pre-emphasis & de-emphasis.
6. Characteristics of mixer.
7. Digital Phase detector.
8. Phase locked loop.
9. Synchronous detector.
10. SSB system.
11. Spectral analysis of AM and FM signals using spectrum analyzer.
12. Squelch Circuit.
13. Frequency Synthesiser.
14. AGC Characteristics.
Equipment required for Laboratories:
1. RPS - 0 – 30 V
2. CRO - 0 – 20 M Hz.
3. Function Generators - 0 – 1 M Hz
4. RF Generators - 0 – 1000 M Hz./0 – 100 M Hz.
5. Multimeters
6. Lab Experimental kits for Analog Communication
7. Components
8. Radio Receiver/TV Receiver Demo kits or Trainees.
9. Spectrum Analyzer - 60 M Hz.
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
II Year B.Tech. ECE. II-Sem T P C
0 3 2
PULSE AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LAB
Minimum Twelve experiments to be conducted:
1. Linear wave shaping.
2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.
3. Non Linear wave shaping – Clampers.
4. Transistor as a switch.
5. Study of Logic Gates & Some applications.
6. Study of Flip-Flops & some applications.
7. Sampling Gates.
8. Astable Multivibrator.
9. Monostable Multivibrator.
10. Bistable Multivibrator.
11. Schmitt Trigger.
12. UJT Relaxation Oscillator.
13. Bootstrap sweep circuit.
Equipment required for Laboratories:
1. RPS - 0 – 30 V
2. CRO - 0 – 20 M Hz.
3. Function Generators - 0 – 1 M Hz
4. Components
5. Multi Meters
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